Hall effect thrusters are one of the primary propulsion systems for sep missions. Conventional thrusters hollow cathode thruster, hall thruster, arc discharge high impulse, low thrust efficient relatively inexpensive and safe. The effects of cathode configuration on hall thruster cluster. Experimental validation tests were completed using the p5 thruster 68, a 5 kw xe hall effect thruster het, and demonstrated that the thrust from the p5 inferred from measurements made with a plasma impact force sensor pmfs agree very closely with the thrust measurements made by a conventional inverted. A hall thruster works by accelerating the plasma exhaust to extremely high speeds.
Extremely high temperature of an insulated gas stream or direct acceleration by applied body forces ep thrusters are very fuel efficient due to high exhaust velocity v e. Interactions within a cluster of low power hall thrusters. In this video we will learn what is hall effect and how hall effect sensors work. The hall thruster derives its name from this flow of electrons, called the hall current after dr.
High throughput 600 watt hall effect thruster for space. Pdf 3d simulations of a magnetized hall effect thruster plume. The device is a hall thruster, but an electrostatic accelerator, a duality which has led to some confusion. Hall thrusters have had a curious and long history. Finlay mcwalter grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law. The diagnostics and the hall thruster propulsion systems are described in detail along with lists of tabular data from those diagnostics and propulsion system and other satellite systems. High performance power module for hall effect thrusters. Development of an annular microhalleffect thruster and halbach permanent magnet arrays in halleffect thrusters by matthew lamar warren richard d.
Hall effect thruster interactions data from the russian. To expand on the discussion in this question, there are at least two circumstances where a hall thruster is a much better choice than a chemical rocket. Busek is a leader in hall thruster development, culminating in the flight of the first usbased hall thruster on tacsat2 and recent launch of falconsat5. Hall effect thruster surface properties investigation by david george zidar a thesis presented to the faculty of the graduate school of the missouri university of science and technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science in aerospace engineering 2011 approved by j. Pdf hall effect thruster with high specific impulse researchgate. Nasas x3 ion thruster smashes records in test firings. V missions, quickly gaining acceptance for leo applications as well. A threedimensional hybrid picfluid code is used to simulate a hall effect thruster plume, starting from a known injection profile at the annular exit section. Hall current e x b drift movement of charged particles electroninduced hall current for effective confinement of electron motion, electron hall parameter must be much larger than 1 hall parameter gyrofrequency x mean free time electron e b e x b direction electron motion hall current electron motion with. Pdf scaling approach for subkilowatt halleffect thrusters. Hall thruster a serious contender to get humans to mars.
Comparisons in performance of electromagnet and permanent. The program follows a typical finite element based method using the maxwells equations to compute the resulting flux at each node. One thruster uses electromagnet coils to produce the magnetic field within. When the us was beginning to investigate the gridded ion drive, the soviet union was investigating the hall effect thruster het. Investigation of the hall effect thruster breathing mode and. Pps50 is a hall effect thruster, a kind of ion propulsion system for spacecraft. For the power limited orbit topping mission, the choice of thruster is. Hall thrusters were able to deliver greater payload due to their higher overall specific power.
High performance power module for hall effect thrusters luis r. Ht20k is a highpower hall effect thruster het designed to be operated at a nominal discharge power of 20kw. The diagnostic equipment from which these data were taken includes electric field strength sensors, ion current and energy sensors, and pressure sensors. In some countries this may not be legally possible. Media in category hall effect thrusters the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. This work studied and presented a highpower halleffect electric propulsion thruster.
Very highpower halleffect thruster for exploration, sitael is developing, designing, manufacturing and testing a new 20kw class hall effect thruster, the ht20k, together with the associated high current hollow cathode, the hc60. The ions are generated through electronimpact ionization of xenon neutrals. Dec 30, 2015 in this video we will learn what is hall effect and how hall effect sensors work. Thanks to their high specific impulse and proven reliability, hets are also employed for space exploration esa smart1. However, hall thrusters rely on much more complicated physics than ion. Bowers akima corporation, fairview park, ohio prepared for the 38th joint propulsion conference and exhibit cosponsored by aiaa, asme, sae, and asee. A version of this seemingly impossible device is used on a larger scale to propel deep space probes for nasa. It is whats known as a hall thruster, which uses electric and magnetic fields to ionize gases like xenon and expels the ions to produce thrust. The nasa overview is short and easy to read, so theres no need to reexplain how the thruster works. Plasma is an electrically neutral gas in which all positive and negative chargesfrom neutral atoms, negatively charged electrons, and positively charged ionsadd up to zero. The description of hall thruster physics cannot be complete without some discussion of the. As the electrons bombard an inert propellant gas, they strip additional electrons from atoms and molecules to produce positively charged ions. The process starts with a current of electrons spiraling through a circular channel.
High throughput 600 watt hall effect thruster for space exploration. Hall effect plural hall effects physics the effect in which a conductor that carries an electric current perpendicular to an applied magnetic field develops a. Properly determining the size and predicting the performance of a halleffect thruster het is an essential process in the early phase of thruster design. Plasma thrusters are famous for their fuel efficiency. Three different lowpower cylindrical hall thrusters, which more readily lend themselves to miniaturization and lowpower operation than a conventional annular hall thruster, are compared to evaluate the propulsive performance of each. Build an ionic thruster like nasa uses for space propulsion. These electric propulsion devices are capable of specific impulses ranging from. In spacecraft propulsion, a hall effect thruster het is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Pdf the total operation time of a hall effect thruster het, i. Development of an annular micro hall effect thruster and halbach permanent magnet arrays in hall effect thrusters by matthew lamar warren richard d. James szabo1, bruce pote,2 rachel tedrake,3 surjeet paintal,4 lawrence byrne,5 vlad hruby,6 busek co. This paper provides the description of the development approach and the status of the project.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative. Oct 02, 2007 the highstrength magnetic field traps the electrons, causing them to form into a circling ring at the downstream end of the thruster channel. Due to their large inertia, the ions are not magnetized, and stream out of the device. Using a small number of components to produce an exb field, an het can accelerate ions to extremely high velocities to provide thrust. The hall effect causes a measurable voltage differential across the conductor such that one side is positively charged and the other negatively. Performance investigation of a hightemperature and power. These thrusters use the electricity from solar arrays to make the thruster s cathode give off electrons. Although the hall effect sensor is a magnetic field sensor, it can be used as the principle component in many other types of sensing devices current, temperature, pressure, position, etc. See press release 4262017 gravity wave testbed repurposed as comet dust collector. Halleffect thruster surface properties investigation. The system is expected to reduce significantly the power processing, complexity, weight, and cost over conventional. For thrusters of its design power, 200 kilowatts, it is relatively small and light. Both the hall effect thruster and the gridded ion engine are classified as electrostatic thrusters and operate on heavy noble gases, primarily xenon.
The working xenon gas is heated and ionized by nuclear energy. One of the most practical forms of electric propulsion is the hall effect thruster het, which makes use of electric and magnetic fields to create and eject a plasma. The advantage to this system over others is that you need only an electrical source to power the device and it has no moving parts so it is almost unbreakable. Uniform and nonuniform magnetic field configurations were examined. Ht20k offers a favourable combination of performance, reliability, and lifetime for a variety of applications in future space transportation and exploration programs, as well as private commercial space missions. Pdf characterization results acquired on a laboratory model of high specific impulse hall effect thruster operating in the power range of.
The effect is manipulated and measured in the functioning of many electronic devices including joysticklike controls, compasses in smartphones, magnetometers, sensors and currentmeasuring devices. It was used in the smart1 mission to the moon and two geostationary satellites. Halleffect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. The technique is much cleaner, safer and more fuel. Plasma oscillations and operational modes in hall effect thrusters.
Hall thruster and vasimr vx100 force measurements using a. In spacecraft propulsion, a halleffect thruster het is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. The hall effect is the most common method of measuring magnetic field and the hall effect. In order to better understand the behavior and source of this behavior, it was decided that studying the isolated behavior of a single thruster would prove more feasible and could better isolate the effect and its source. Pinero glenn research center, cleveland, ohio peter y. Olcmen subhadra gupta a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in the department of aerospace engineering. The hall effect is the most common method of measuring magnetic field and the hall effect sensors are very popular. Hall effect sensors can be applied in many types of sensing devices. This is a very similar concept in many ways to the ion drive, in that it uses the electrostatic effect to accelerate propellant, but the mechanism is very different. A threeyear program to develop a direct drive hall effect thruster d2het system began 15 months ago as part of the nasa advanced crossenterprise technology development initiative. Properly determining the size and predicting the performance of a hall effect thruster het is an essential process in the early phase of thruster design. This paper discusses a detailed computational analysis that illustrated the influences of the magnetic field and external potential on the performance of a hightemperature hall effect electric thruster. This work has been released into the public domain by its author, finlay mcwalter.
Jahn, 1968 for v e above 10,000 ms, a propulsion system needs. Aug 27, 2015 an ion thruster produces a flow of air even though it has no moving parts. The numerical simulation of a high power hall effect thruster. In addition, hets can achieve an i sp of up to 3000 seconds. Pdf hall effect thruster erosion mechanism and the thruster. The hall effect thruster het shown in figure 1, is a relatively simple type of ep device. What is hall effect and how hall effect sensors work. Dalton waldock, briarcliff high school jordan neuhoff. Hall effect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. Impact of propellant species on hall effect thruster. Development of a direct drive hall effect thruster system. The basic principles underlying the operation of different types of plasma devices, including selffield and appliedfield magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters, as well as hall effect thrusters, are. Nasa evolutionary xenon thruster next ion thruster in operation.
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