Should one or two section symbols be used in an et seq. Image bluebook citation guide superb essay writers. Use the bluebook, blue pages, pages 2426 in rule b17, rule 10. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. The light abbreviation system is used for case names appearing in the grammatical part of textual sentences and in complete sentences in footnotes. When citing a range of sections or an entire act, the range must be specified in the citation. Be sure to consult the bluebook for specifics in general, cite to the authors, title of the article in italics, volume number of the source, title of the source i. Print california statutes are kept uptodate by supplements softcover pamphlets inserted in the back of each volume pocket parts or placed next to. An abbreviation for the latin et sequentes or et sequentia, meaning and the following. Blue pages are mostly used in briefs, motions, memoranda, and opinions. Model organisms and forward and reverse genetics screens are then discussed, along with quantitative trait locus qtl and eqtl analysis. Case name abbreviations table 6 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. One of the keys to citing statutes properly is knowing where to find the proper legal citation abbreviations.
The abbreviation of case names is governed by rule 10. California style manual for many years, the california style manual has served as the official guide for styling citations to legal materials in documents filed with state courts in california. A dictionary of terms and titles with their abbreviations located in reference k 89. It is commonly used by lawyers to include numbered lists, pages or sections after the first number is stated, as in the rules of the road are found in vehicle code section 1204, et seq.
Abbreviations there is a special listing of abbreviations contained in the bluebook which exhaustively sets forth all words that should be abbreviated in case names and other legal documents. The united states code annotated and united states code service are also updated in print with supplements or pocket parts small pamphlets inserted in the back of a volume if a particular statute has been amended or a new statute is enacted and the changes appear in a. Below are examples based on the 18th edition of the bluebook. For many years, the california style manual has served as the official guide for styling citations to legal materials in documents filed with state courts in california. Abbreviations of geographical terms, periodicals, publishing terms etc. Bluebook legal referencing citing federal statutes proofed. This relation can be supportive, comparative, or contradictory. As mentioned previously, the current edition of the united states code is updated in print with an annual supplement. To find the year, locate the volume that includes your statute and then use in order of preference the year on the spine, then the year on the title page, then the year r12. Federal statutes bluebook guide guides at georgetown. Citations to cases and other authorities in all documents filed in the courts must be in the style established by either the california style.
Motion to conduct proceedings in english in the district court of the second circuit wailuku division state of hawaii. There are many permutations of citing to legal periodicals. Blue pages first section of rules for practitioners, organized as. Note that in footnotes, words other than the first word in each partys name are subject to the abbreviation rule. Image session laws researching statutes research guides at. The bluebook sets out uniform conventions for referencing legal documents, so anyone studying us law will want to be familiar with the bluebook system. Effective january 1, 2008, however, california rule of court, rule 1. Like federal statutes, state statutes may be published in both an official code and an unofficial code, and the bluebook requires you to cite to the official code, if possible rule 12.
Introductory signals appear at the beginning of citation sentences. For more help and explanations, consult the latest edition of the bluebook. Signals are important because they indicate how a cited authority relates to the text. Bluebooking california statutes bluebooking and legal. In the functional genomics unit, we start with rna expression dynamics, analysis of alternative splicing, epigenomics and chip seq, and metagenomics. Citations are to the 20th edition of the bluebook, a uniform system of citation rule 10. It is common practice in legal documents to cite to other publications by using standard abbreviations for the title of each source. The bluebook has two different systems for abbreviating. Weve previously looked at citing cases with this system, but today well move on to using bluebook referencing to cite federal statutes. Image citing statutes bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. An open implementation of a system of legal citation. The text in parentheses indicates that the united states code annotated is published by west publishing and that 2010 is the publication date of the volume. Boston college law school professor richard albert responded to my question and, with his. Bluebook legal referencing citing federal statutes.
State statutes bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. Every case name must be checked against the abbreviations chart in the bluebook table t. A uniform system of citation, is the style manual for citing to legal documents within the united states. Introduction there is no one prevailing source for citation of legal authorities in documents filed in new york courts. How to cite legal materials follow the bluebook style, as closely as you can. Abbreviations may also be found for common words or legal phrases. B55 2001, or the handy biebers dictionary of legal abbreviations reversed. Case namesboth full and short case names, and procedural phrases e.
A uniform system of citation, kept at the reference desk kf 245. Few books cause law students as much dread, pain, anger, and frustration as the bluebook. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. The style manual used by the new york state law reporting. Consult the blue pages, rule b12, if you are writing a brief or memo. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing.
Such citations and abbreviations are found in court decisions, statutes, regulations, journal articles, books, and other documents. It is used to refer to a page citation that continues on the pages that follow, or a statutory section or subsection and the sections or. Looking for the definition of et seq find out what is the full meaning of et seq. This page provides bluebook a uniform system of citation, 19th ed. A professional system of citation provide that case citations in documents submitted to state courts must conform with the local rules of that. In textual sentences, abbreviate widely know acronyms and the eight words specified in rule 10.
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